The free electron laser fel principle has been known since the early 1970s but for many years fels have played a marginal role in comparison with conventional lasers. Introduction to the physics of free electron laser and comparison with. Fel 2017 conference booklet pdf prerelease of fel 2017 proceedings portable acrobat format pdf files of the oral presentations and papers that have been processed. The free electron laser is tunable and has the widest frequency range of any laser type, 3 currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz. Only in recent years it has become clear that these devices have the potential of becoming exceedingly powerful light sources in the vacuumultraviolet vuv and x ray regime. Free electron lasers lecture i brian mcneil, university of strathclyde, glasgow, scotland. Status of the institute of freeelectron laser, osaka university. Harmonic generation in planar undulators in singlepass. Main fel schemes, useful for generation of high frequency radiation, extending to xrays, are presented. This concept is aimed at reducing the energy of a driving relativistic electron beam and thereby increasing the efficiency of the electronwave interaction in fels, as well as making the oscillator. An undulator is an insertion device from highenergy physics and usually part of a larger installation, a synchrotron storage ring, or it may be a component of a free electron laser. We discuss the properties of free electron lasers fel operating with variably polarizing undulators. The concept of comptontype freeelectron lasers fels operating in short wavelength ranges with a high efficiency and power level is currently underway at the iap ras nizhny novgorod.
Read tunable micro undulators for free electron lasers, proceedings of spie on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Free electron lasers fels are sources of synchrotron radiation that can produce radiation with peak power and brightness orders of magnitude larger than the radiation produced by conventional sources such as dipoles and wigglers. In 1998 he joined the faculty of the university of hawaii where he is currently an associate professor of physics. A selfamplified spontaneous emission sase freeelectron laser fel is under construction at the advanced photon source aps. A free electron laser fel, is a type of laser whose lasing medium consists of veryhighspeed electrons moving freely through a magnetic structure, hence the term free electron. Comparison of conventional laser and free electron laser p. This book is a reference text for all those working in freeelectron laser research as well as being a learning aid for physicists and graduate students who wish an introduction to this field. Simplex is a computer program developed for simulating the amplification process of freeelectron lasers fels.
Current development of free electron lasers fels operating in various ranges of wavelengths from microwave to optical and even xray which is carried out in some research centers gives reason to return to the problem of the possibility to design the fel on the basis of the interaction between rel. It consists of a periodic structure of dipole magnets. Free electron lasers free electron lasers fels are sources of synchrotron radiation that can produce radiation with peak power and. A freeelectron laser fel is a kind of laser whose lasing medium consists of veryhighspeed electrons moving freely through a magnetic structure, hence the term free electron. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Twocolor freeelectron laser via two orthogonal undulators. The demonstration of a synchrotron xray source that uses a laser. The undulators tuning the fel is achieved by varying the undulator gap and by changing the electron beam energy between 750950mev.
Today such lasers are used for research in materials science, chemical technology, biophysical science, medical applications, surface studies, and solidstate physics. Undulators and generation of xray pulses in freeelectron. We present the test results of a novel microwiggler structure 1 for freeelectron lasers, in which, each 2. The possibility of building free electron lasers and masers with quasicircular undulators is considered. Laser wave undulators and high gain xray free electron lasers. Free electron lasers are laser devices where light amplification occurs by interaction with fast electrons in an undulator. The free electron laser klystron amplifier concept. Presentation mode open print download current view. Investigation of a gasfilled free electron laser pumped by a relativistic backwardwave oscillator without magnetic field z.
A klystron amplifier has the useful property that the various electronic processes take place in separate portions of the amplifier, rather than overlapping as in fel amplifier with an uniform undulator. Synchrotron radiation, undulator radiation, and freeelectron lasers. The comprehensively revised second edition of an introduction to synchrotron radiation. Sunday, august 20, 2017 santa fe community convention center sfccc foyer. In fact fel is based on the stimulated emission of virtual photons by a relativistic electron beam, passing through an undulatorwiggler, much. Lasers, freeelectron 3 undulator electron beam optical cavity mirror partial mirror radiation field outcoupled field fig. Free electron lasers fels are lasers which utilize the phenomenon of stimulated undulator radiation. Free electron lasers operating with variably polarization. The length of the undulator is several meters inside the optical resonator mirrors, which are separated by about twice the undulator length, or about 10 meters. Different electrons radiate independently in bending magnets as well as in undulators, hence the total power produced by a bunch of n electrons is simply n times the radiation power of one electron.
Highintensity xray sources such as synchrotrons and freeelectron lasers need large particle accelerators to drive them. Mirian, school of particle and accelerator physics, institute for research in. Schlueter lawrence berkeley national laboratory, berkeley, ca, usa abstract soft xray free electron laser sources require signi. Undulator options for soft xray free electron lasers. In order to reduce the numerical cost, the fel equations have been reduced to more convenient forms for. Main fel schemes, useful for generation of high frequency radiation, extending to xrays, are. Media in category free electron lasers the following 11 files are in this category, out of 11 total. The paper presents a theoretical study of the harmonic power evolution in a singlepass freeelectron laser fel and a comparison with some. Undulator simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The optimal parameter space for an xray freeelectron laser fel in the self amplified spontaneous.
The only remaining items to be installed are the undulators into. This new reference is the first fully selfcontained and unified monograph on the design and operation of undulators and free electron lasers. The updated guide to the fundamental concepts, techniques and applications of synchrotron radiation and its applications in this rapidly developing field synchrotron light is recognized as an invaluable research tool by a broad spectrum of scientists, ranging from physicists to biologists and archaeologists. Free electron lasers an overview sciencedirect topics. The combination of sidescattering and laser pulsefront tilt in twts allows for the realization of optical undulators where the number of undulator. The phenomenological approach provides the freeelectron laser simulation experiments at sorgente pulsata autoamplificata di radiazione coerente sparc, spring8 angstrom compact freeelectron laser sacla and linac coherent light source. You need an ereader or compatible software to experience the benefits. Tapered undulator for sase fels unt digital library. Cas general accelerator physics granada, spain, november 2012. Peak brilliance of xray fels and undulators for spontaneous radiation at the tesla test facility.
Zagorodnova adeutsches elektronen synchrotron, notkestrasse 85, 22607 hamburg, germany beuropean xfel gmbh, holzkoppel 4, 22869 schenefeld, germany. The undulators will provide light in the energy range from. Threedimensional, timedependent simulation of freeelectron. Physicists measure an undulator s effectiveness in terms of spectral radiance. It will be of use to all those working in free electron laser research as well as for physicists and graduate students who need an introduction to the field. The problem of generation of shorter radiation pulses is prioritized. Frequency modulated free electron laser osa publishing. Undulators for short pulse xray selfamplified spontaneous. Threedimensional, timedependent simulation of free. Pdf a freeelectron laser consists of an electron beam propagating through a periodic magnetic field. If you want to obtain moving images of highspeed molecular processes at an atomic scale, one of the best facilities in the world is the xray free electron laser xfel at stanford university.
Freeelectron lasers with higher average power and shorter wavelengths are under development. Simulations confirm the theoretical prediction, and xray freeelectron laser bandwidth indicates an increase of one order of magnitude with the optimized parameters. Sahi dhandhe galat bande full movie download in dual audio english hindi. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license. May 25, 2017 the results of theoretical examination and comparative analysis of synchrotron radiation sources specifically, undulators and xray free electron lasers fels are presented. Bandwidth broadening of xray free electron laser pulses with the. Thz emission from undulators and freeelectron lasers. Free electron lasers when fast electrons at nearly the speed of light cross a magnetic field on their way, they are deflected and generate bright, well collimated light tangentially to their curved path. The optical resonator with macroscopic dimensions that could store significant optical power at short wavelengths was crucial to the invention of the laser. Applications of free electron lasers in materials science g.
Besides allowing large freedom for electron guiding and focusing, the structure allows effective negative mass conditions, which may. In this paper, we report the main characteristics of undulators assembled on an electron storage ring, operating as a synchrotron radiation source and as a free electron laser. Pdf short period undulators for storage rings and free. The twomirror cavity is replaced by a suitable waveguide. These tubes are still successful and useful sources of coherent radiation with wavelengths ranging from. Three gun systems, an rftest area, laser room, numerous diagnostics, a transfer line at the end of the linac, and a new building, which will serve as the experimental hall, have been added. Tolerance studies for the bessy fel undulators sciencedirect. Rp photonics encyclopedia free electron lasers, fel.
Therefore, fels belong to the family of vacuum electronic devices, such as traveling wave tubes or klystrons. This new reference is the first fully selfcontained and unified monograph on the design and operation of undulators and freeelectron lasers. Short period undulators for storage rings and free electron lasers. The free electron laser fel is a natural alternative as a radiation source national research council, 1982. Operation of a freeelectron laser from the extreme ultraviolet to the water window, nature photon. The paladin fel experiment is shown to exhibit clear and dramatic effects governed by the electron beam velocity distribution for the first time. Pdf introduction to the physics of free electron laser and. Freeelectron lasers and masers on curved paths springerlink. Free electron lasers free electron lasers fels are sources of synchrotron radiation that can produce radiation with peak power and brightness orders of magnitude larger than the radiation produced by conventional sources such as dipoles and wigglers. Twocolor freeelectron laser with two orthogonal undulators. I will talk about the basic physics and astonishing facts and figures of the operation and application of these types of particle. The bessel coefficients are calculated for the undulator in the presence of the second periodic field.
In the freeelectron laser the intensity increases exponentially with the number of electrons. Their development received a strong impetus from radar development during world war ii. For the planar undulators above a period of 45mm was chosen to enable tuning over the photon energy range 10100ev. A short introduction to free electron lasers andy wolski the cockcroft institute, and the university of liverpool, uk. In later developments, stemming from this, single pass gain of circularly polarized radiation was experimentally demonstrated by means of a twister structure and an optical cavity, obtained by adding mirrors to the magnet assembly, was used to achieve buildup of the radiation in an oscillator device known as the freeelectron laser. Compact undulator line for a highbrilliance softxray freeelectron. A freeelectron laser consists of an electron beam propagating through a periodic magnetic field. Sep 14, 2001 we discuss the use of tapered undulators to enhance the performance of free electron lasers fels based upon selfamplified spontaneous emission sase, where the radiation tends to have a relatively broad bandwidth, limited temporal phase coherence, and large amplitude fluctuations. This, in turn, calls for a skilful selection of material. These can be permanent magnets or superconducting magnets. The book is written so as to appeal to the widest possible range of readers.
Read tunable micro undulators for free electron lasers, proceedings of spie on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at. We discuss the use of tapered undulators to enhance the performance of freeelectron lasers fels based upon selfamplified spontaneous emission sase, where the radiation tends to have a relatively broad bandwidth, limited temporal phase coherence, and large amplitude fluctuations. The first sources of powerful coherent radiation were the microwave tubes invented earlier in this century. Freund department of electrical and computer engineering, colorado state university, fort collins, usa p. Instabilities and beam intensity limitations in circular accelerators p. He was a postdoctoral research scientist at the duke free electron laser laboratory from 1992 to 1998, where he made pioneering contributions to the phaselocked and chirpedpulse free electron laser. Free electron lasers fels comprised a class of potentially efficient devices capable of generating high quality coherent radiation, continuously tunable from the microwave region of the x ray.
Teufel thz emission from undulators and freeelectron lasers. The undulator shown is a permanentmagnet planar undulator. The simplest high gain free electron laser fel amplifier concept is proposed. Enabling a laser plasma accelerator driven free electron laser. We study the spontaneous emission in highgain freeelectron lasers operating in the quantum regime. Proceedings of the 25th international free electron laser conference and the 10th fel users workshop, tsukuba, ibaraki, japan, 812 september 2003. The fel consists of a relativistic electron beam injected through a magnetic undulator with a copropagating resonant radiation field. The advantages and disadvantages of single pass and of multipass designs are. Building an optical freeelectron laser in the traveling. The magnetic field along the orbit has a continuous component superimposed on the alternating one. The freeelectron laser is tunable and has the widest frequency range of any laser type, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation and infrared, to the visible spectrum, ultraviolet.
Harmonic generation in planar undulators in singlepass free. A freeelectron laser fel, is a type of laser whose lasing medium consists of veryhighspeed electrons moving freely through a magnetic structure, hence the term free electron. Free electron lasers lecture iv the cockcroft institute. It numerically solves the socalled fel equations describing the evolution of the radiation field and growth of microbunching while the electron beam travels along the undulator. Schmuser, et al ultraviolet and soft xray freeelectron lasers, springer, 2008 conventional boundelectron laser radiation is generated by stimulated emission main components. This book presents a comprehensive description of the physics of free electron lasers starting from the fundamentals and proceeding through detailed derivations of the equations describing electron trajectories, and spontaneous and stimulated emission.
The synchrotron radiation of relativistic electrons in undulator magnets and the lowgain freeelectron laser fel are discussed in some detail. In order to produce narrowband radiation undulators are. Classical theory of freeelectron lasers book iopscience. We study the characteristics of the electron motion in this type of undulators and analyze the spectral properties of the emitted radiation. One of their undulators produced the first ever coherent infrared radiation. Peak brilliance of xray fels and undulators for spontaneous radiation at the tesla test facility, in. The free electron laser was invented by john madey in 1971 at stanford university. The freeelectron laser is tunable and has the widest frequency range of any laser type, currently ranging in wavelength from microwaves, through terahertz radiation. Since its discovery in 1945, the study of synchrotron radiation and its applications extends over a wider range which includes highenergy electron accelerators, free electron lasers and astrophysical applications. View chapter download pdf chapter download epub chapter. We also derive general expressions for the small signal gain coefficient and for the saturation intensity. With intensities 1081010 times greater than other laboratory sources, xray freeelectron lasers are currently opening up new frontiers across many areas of science.
Using the polychromatic fel simulation code ginger, we numerically demonstrate the effectiveness of a tapered. Only a basic understanding of relativistic mechanics and electromagnetism is. Synchrotron radiation can be generated in undulators alternating dipoles with k 1 or single. It will be of use to all those working in freeelectron laser research as well as for physicists and graduate students who need an introduction to the field.
The free electron laser utilizes technology developed by hans motz and his coworkers, who built an undulator at stanford in 1953, using the wiggler magnetic configuration which is one component of a free electron laser. The last 20 years has seen different stages of fel development. It is shown that the spontaneous emission is a powerful, quasimonochromatic and tunable source of light in the infrared, visible, ultraviolet and xrays range. Study on wave beam splitting in stepped rectangular waveguide d. Undulators for short pulse xray selfamplified spontaneous emission free electron lasers, high energy and short pulse lasers, richard viskup, intechopen, doi.
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